अहम् युष्माकम् अध्यापकः न अस्मि।
Aham yushmaakam adhyapakah naa asmi |
Aham yushmaakam adhyapakah naa asmi |
युष्माकम् अध्यापिका रोहिणी अस्ति।
Yushmaakam adhyapika rohini asti |
Yushmaakam adhyapika rohini asti |
I don’t possess
the skills to teach you Sanskrit. My
learning of Sanskrit is entirely self-taught. There is nothing formal about
it. In any formal learning process, there
are steps one takes – speaking, reading and then writing. That’s not the way it works in an informal
learning process. My reading skills are
very good, speaking average and writing isn’t that good. Therefore, I make mistakes in writing and do
point them out. There may be some, not
just typos. I am also in a process of
learning. It is just that I am a bit
more advanced than most of you.
However, I do deliver talks on persuading people to learn Sanskrit, popularize the language. Don’t mistake them for lessons on Sanskrit. They are only meant to generate interest and trigger the process of learning. These are typically extempore talks, so there are no hand-outs and written texts. But I use little tidbits to make people interested. In this series, I will share some of those tidbits with you. Hope that helps you and adds in some way to what Rohini is doing. I will try to keep pace with what you are learning, so that I do not get too far ahead of you. But to tease you, I may put in a few concepts that you aren’t familiar with yet. No one reads anything that is too long. None of these will therefore be more than 1000 words, perhaps shorter. I am not sure about frequency. Let’s plan for once a week. And do send me suggestions on what such future tidbits can be on.
However, I do deliver talks on persuading people to learn Sanskrit, popularize the language. Don’t mistake them for lessons on Sanskrit. They are only meant to generate interest and trigger the process of learning. These are typically extempore talks, so there are no hand-outs and written texts. But I use little tidbits to make people interested. In this series, I will share some of those tidbits with you. Hope that helps you and adds in some way to what Rohini is doing. I will try to keep pace with what you are learning, so that I do not get too far ahead of you. But to tease you, I may put in a few concepts that you aren’t familiar with yet. No one reads anything that is too long. None of these will therefore be more than 1000 words, perhaps shorter. I am not sure about frequency. Let’s plan for once a week. And do send me suggestions on what such future tidbits can be on.
Bhaskaracharya was a famous Indian mathematician and astronomer (1114-1185). He is also known as Bhaskara-II. Leelavati is both the name of a text (actually part of a text) that he wrote and Leelavati is also believed to have been the name of his daughter. Many of the problems are addressed to Leelavati and Leelavati also seems to have composed some of them.
इन्द्र: वायुर्यमश्चैव नैरृतो मध्यमस्तथा ।
Indrah vaayuryamashchaiva nairrto madhyamastathaa |
ईशानश्च कुबेरश्च अग्निर्वरुण एव च ॥
ईशानश्च कुबेरश्च अग्निर्वरुण एव च ॥
Ishaanashcha kuberashcha agnirvarun aiv cha ||
इन्द्रो वायु: यम: च एव नैरृतः मध्यम: तथा ।
indro vayuh yamah cha aiv nairrteh madhyamah tathaa |
ईशान: च कुबेर: च अग्नि: वरुण: एव च ॥
ईशान: च कुबेर: च अग्नि: वरुण: एव च ॥
ishaanah cha kuberah cha agnihi varunah aiv cha ||
But what’s the point of the shloka? Why
write out a shloka that only lists the names of the lokapalas? We know their names. Wait.
Now follow the order listed by Leelavati, Indra is the first, Vayu is
the second, Yama is the third and so on.
Madhyama means middle, there is no guardian there. Fill in the matrix below in the order in
which Leelavati has listed the names.
2 7 6
9 5 1
4 3 8
Notice anything about this? It is a 3X3
magic square, with the sums along all rows, all columns and all diagonals
adding up to 15. So that’s what she was
doing. She wasn’t writing down any odd
shloka, she was actually constructing a magic square. Interesting?
Sanskrit literature (I am using the word literature in a very broad
sense) is littered with such nuggets. If
we don’t learn and read Sanskrit, all this will be lost.
========================================================================
========================================================================
मैं आपको संस्कृत नहीं सिखा सकता । मेरी संस्कृत पूर्णतया स्वयं शिक्षित है और कुछ भी औपचारिक नहीं । औपचारिक शिक्षा में आप बोलते हैं, लिखते हैं और फिर पढ़ते हैं । परन्तु अनौपचारिक शिक्षा में ऐसे नहीं होता । मेरी संस्कृत की लिखाई बहुत अच्छी नहीं, बोलने में ठीक ठाक है और पढ़ने का कौशल अच्छा है । मैं संस्कृत लेखन में गलतियां करता रहता हूँ और उन्हें सुधारता भी हूँ । मैं भी संस्कृत सीख ही रहा हूँ, केवल इतना ही अंतर है की संस्कृत बाकी लोगों से थोड़ा ज्यादा जनता हूँ ।
यूँ तो मैं भाषण देता हूँ ताकि लोग संस्कृत सीखने, पढ़ने की प्रेरणा लें और संस्कृत का प्रसार हो परन्तु भाषणों को संस्कृत अध्ययन न समझें । भाषण केवल संस्कृत पढ़ने की अच्छा जागृत करने और सीखने की प्रक्रिया की शुरुआत करने के लिए हैं । मेरी बातें अधिकतर अनौपचारिक होंगी तो इनमे कोई लिखित सामग्री नहीं होगी । संस्कृत में दिलचस्पी जागृत करने के लिए मैं छोटी छोटी जानकारियों की प्रयोग करूँगा ।
भास्कराचार्य एक प्रसिद्ध भारतीय गणितज्ञ और खगोल विज्ञानी थे(1114-1185) । वह भास्कर-II के नाम से भी जाने जाते हैं । लीलावती उनके एक लेख(वास्तविकता में लेख का एक भाग) का नाम हैं और माना जाता हैं की उनकी पुत्री का नाम भी लीलावती था । बहुत से लेख लीलावती को सम्बोधित करते हुए लिखे गए हैं और परोक्ष रूप से कुछ लीलावती ने ही लिखे हैं ।
इन्द्र: वायुर्यमश्चैव नैरृतो मध्यमस्तथा ।
ईशानश्च कुबेरश्च अग्निर्वरुण एव च ॥
उपरिलिखित, लीलावती की रचनाओं में से एक है । संस्कृत पढ़ने में एक समस्या आती है कि शब्द, व्याकरण के नियमो के अनुसार, आपस में जुड़े रहते हैं । चूँकि उन शब्दों का संधि-विच्छेद नहीं पता होता तो उन्हें समझा नहीं जा सकता । अगर आप संधि-विच्छेद जान लें तब यह आसान हो जाता है । ऊपर दी गयी रचना को संधि-विच्छेद के साथ देखते हैं
इन्द्रो वायु: यम: च एव नैरृतः मध्यम: तथा ।
ईशान: च कुबेर: च अग्नि: वरुण: एव च ॥
परन्तु इस श्लोक का मतलब क्या है? केवल लोकपालों के नाम बताने के लिए श्लोक लिखने की क्या आवश्यकता? वो तो हम जानते हैं, पर रुकिए, लीलावती ने इन्हे एक क्रम में लिखा है । पहला इंद्र है, दूसरा वायु, तीसरा यम आदि आदि ... मध्य में कोई रक्षक नहीं है । अब आव्यूह को उसी क्रम में भरिये जैसा लीलावती ने श्लोक में नामों को दिया है ।
2 7 6
9 5 1
4 3 8
Credit: Shri Bibek Debroy
Content is provided as is without any alteration but with translation in hindi and with minor additions wherever needed.
No comments:
Post a Comment